BRETT DEAN: THREE MAJOR WORKS BY THE CONTEMPORARY AUSTRALIAN COMPOSER, VIOLIST AND CONDUCTOR ARE FEATURED AT THE TORONTO SYMPHONY’S 2016 NEW CREATIONS FESTIVAL. HERE HE DISCUSSES EACH WORK AND HIS CREATIVE LIFE.

Photo by Pawel Kopczynski

James Strecker: The Toronto Symphony’s New Creations Festival this year features your Viola Concerto, your Trumpet Concerto, and a suite of excerpts from your 2010 opera Bliss. I’d like to give our readers the special privilege of hearing the composer’s insight into each creation.
To begin, you are a long-established violist, so please tell us how having a profound knowledge of the viola helped you in exploring the creative potential of a concerto form.

Brett Dean: There is, of course, some precedent for the viola/composer link. Mozart, Mendelssohn, Dvorak, Hindemith, Britten all played the viola. It’s in the engine room of the music making, an unusually useful position from which to observe music’s workings. That goes for solo concerti as well, albeit a challenge to make the engine room the main focus of attention.

JS: Did the nature of the instrument ever limit your compositional ideas? Did its unique qualities suggest new such possibilities?

BD: It is true that it’s not the natural solo instrument, being so in the middle of everything. But I was taken by the idea of making something uncharacteristic and counterintuitive about a viola concerto: it’s virtuosic, fast and high, skittish at times and even somewhat playful. These are things that one doesn’t normally link to the viola! It’s so often considered mournful and slow!

JS: Your Dramatis Personae for Trumpet and Orchestra has its Canadian Premiere with the TSO. The piece has been programmed internationally and received with critical enthusiasm, so I’d like to hear your own take on it. What is your intention in this work and what should a listener new to it expect to hear?

BD: This is very much a work about personalities. In the first instance, it’s a homage to the remarkable musical personality of Håkan Hardenberger and his extraordinary relationship with his instrument for which he has almost singlehandedly established a new repertoire. But beyond that, the soloist is involved in a theatrical journey, a playing of roles from defiantly heroic and alone through to thoughtful and reflective and finally trying to establish connections with others and within the orchestra, even physically by changing positions and allegiances.

JS: Your opera Bliss is based on Peter Carey’s novel in which Harry Joy dies and then comes back to life and sees much about his existence that is undesirable. I can’t help but suspect that this was much fun for you to compose. Is that the case? Also, what did you learn from creating the opera Bliss that you can take into your future works?

BD: Peter Carey’s Bliss was indeed enormous fun to get to grips with in sound, again an amazingly theatrical experience. It’s a wild tale full of colourful characters and bizarre occurrences. Being my first opera, the learning curve in writing it was of course substantial, especially in terms of dimensions and architecture but also through the experience of working closely with singers, learning about their craft, different voice types and personalities, etc. Invaluable experience for any composer!

JS: What are the events in your past that shaped you into the creative individual you are today? Are there any people in your past who helped to make you who you are as an artist?

BD: Studying in Australia was wonderful in that I was stimulated by people who had an open, undogmatic approach to classical music; inquisitive and not swayed by any particular tradition or the expectations of a particular school of thought. I was very fortunate to receive important guidance from György Kurtag when I was embarking more seriously on my compositional path and of course the fifteen years I spent in the ranks of the Berlin Philharmonic’s viola section were irreplaceable!

JS: You were a violist in the Berlin Philharmonic from 1985 to 1999, first under Herbert von Karajan to ’89 and then under Claudio Abbado. How would you compare the two in how they approached an orchestra and how they approached music?

BD: Wow, they couldn’t have been more different. Karajan was of course quite frail and elderly by the time I started there, though with a galvanising personality and look which could instil quite a deal of fear, even at that age. Music went his way and there simply were no questions about it. Abbado was much gentler, quietly persuasive in his striving for some kind of communal awareness of the beauty of what it was we were playing and achieving unity through that; an altogether different approach.

JS: How did having Von Karajan and Abbado as your conductors later influence your approach to conducting?

BD: Well, one gets rather spoilt in an orchestra like the Berlin Phil. Not only Karajan and Abbado, but also the encounters with Kleiber, Solti, Haitink, and of course the ongoing relationship with Simon Rattle have been constant sources of inspiration, not only as approaches to conducting but their approach to music per se. For sheer organisational skill and virtuosity, Seiji Ozawa conducting Messiaen with us in about 1986 or 87 remains a career highlight. And Claudio Abbado remains the most aesthetically satisfying conductor I’ve experienced and it will probably remain a life-long desire to have anything remotely of his expressive hand movements rub off on me!

JS: You were mostly self-taught as a composer, which is quite an achievement. How did you do it? What were the advantages of doing it yourself? Any disadvantages?

BD: It was really just about keeping one’s ears open and learning from every situation I found myself in, be it orchestral, chamber music, improvising – which is how I got most bitten by the compositional bug. The advantage I’ve felt over the years is through maintaining a performer’s sense for how a piece “feels” to perform. The disadvantage of being an autodidact is that I’m not really up on compositional theories and processes; I tend to do my own thing and find my own solutions and can feel somewhat bemused by the “science” of composition.

JS: I hope this makes sense. A number of authors have told me how it’s almost impossible to take their writing into another language and approximate a work’s original idiom. In this vein, I wonder if you have a similar experience when a work you have created is then taken over by another conductor or musician whose background and sensibility differ from yours. Does a work of yours in this case translate sufficiently true to your intentions for it or do you have to simply hope for the best and live with the result?

BD: Interesting question. I think it comes down to the initial notation of the work and how clearly you can get your intentions across so that it can be understood and realised whether you’re present in the rehearsal room or not. Personally I have learnt much from others’ approaches and questions. Even mistakes or misunderstandings can be enlightening and can open up other possibilities. On the odd occasion I’ve rewritten something because of a misreading which I have preferred to my original thought!

JS: You have said that melody gets “a bad rap in some circles of new music nowadays” and I would love to hear more on this issue. Do we have dictatorships in the musical world that say “You may” and “You may not?” If so, what damage do they do?

BD: I think we live in a relatively open, non-dogmatic time as far as approaches to new music are concerned nowadays. Having said that, I live in Germany which tends in its Darmstadt and Donaueschingen niches, to hold on to certain ideals of what one “may” or “may not”, the other example perhaps being France and whether something is “IRCAM-approved” or not. As far as advancing thought about what music can be, I find these institutions have provided enormous stimulus and technological advancement which is always a good thing. But their “politburo” aspect can have something dictatorial about it which I find somewhat narrow and dispiriting. I like to think music shouldn’t be determined by “rights” and “wrongs” but of possibilities.

JS: In your experience, what are the dangers of using a computer in composition? What are the advantages? How long did it take for you to work out an acceptable relationship with your computer?

BD: Over a period of some years I feel I’ve learnt how to use a computer for notation on my terms, but it took a while for me to be sure of who was in charge. It’s a well-trodden path, that one on which a computer can provide quick fixes and easy solutions, and it can be far too convenient, even seductive to go down. This is something that especially younger composers need to be wary of.

JS: What of Brett Dean do we find in the music you compose? If we hear the music, do we then know the man?

BD: I’m an Australian who has had a largely classical music, performance-based training background as a string player, have lived in Europe for much of the past 30 years, worked in one of Europe’s great tradition bound orchestras yet got into composing largely by improvising and making film soundtracks together with a Sydney born rock musician, mostly in bizarre clubs in West Berlin in the mid to late 80’s. In composing, I draw inspiration from all manner of sources, many of them far of a social or socio-political nature. I think all of these things can be heard in my music!

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HARRISON KENNEDY: A CHAT WITH A BLUESMAN WHOSE PAST INCLUDES FOUR YEARS WITH CHAIRMEN OF THE BOARD AND WHOSE PRESENT INCLUDES A 2016 JUNO NOMINATION

James Strecker: Harrison, your CD ‘This Is From Here’ has been nominated for a Juno as Best Blues Album of the Year. As its creator, what do you especially like about the album and what about it satisfies you the most?

HK: As a creator, I especially like seeing those friends and dog! On my CD “This Is From Here” I have many sweet memories of my times with them.

JS: You have a long list of songs you have written and I wonder what it is that makes a good song.

HK: True, I do have a long list of songs, but what makes a good one, I do not know. Some I have written in minutes, others took years.

JS: How did the musicians on ‘This Is From Here’ contribute to the recording?

HK: The musicians, all pro’s, were given a basic template and allowed to express their creative feel.

JS: I’ve read that you’ve played with a number of major musicians in your time, people like Stevie Wonder, B. B. King, the Stones, and the list goes on. Could you tell us about the ones who meant a great deal to you?

HK: I can only say that it was surreal being in their company. Each one gave me so much to digest as an artist.

JS: While we are at it, please describe briefly at least five key experiences or people from when you were a wee lad to today that made you the musician you are.

HK: Lonnie Johnson, Jackie Washington, Billy Holliday, the Wades, the Washingtons -and my mother. They all got absorbed into my sponge-like mind when they visited my home in Hamilton.

JS: You grew up in Hamilton when a lot of great musicians used to pass through town and gig here. What are some of your favourite memories about these musicians?

HK: Lonnie was a great all-round guitar player, Jackie had this ability to remember everything. My mother had an awesome voice, so did many others.

JS: You talk affectionately of Jackie Washington so, for our readers, please tell us who he was.

HK: Jackie was a genius. He brought many of the folks I mentioned to our home. Everyone loved him.

JS: A few months ago I saw you become annoyed with the music being played at a local restaurant. Granted some of it was thoroughly clichéd and not much more than loud, but please tell us what is good about current popular music and what is bad about it.

HK: What’s good about current music is that the artists are making some money. What’s not good is that I ain’t. I have my tastes in music but I can’t knock success.

JS: If a young musician were to ask you how to succeed in creating and performing music, what five things would you advise?

HK: Number one, get an education, go as far as you are able. Two, read the bios of other artists. Three, four and five, practice, practice, practice. My mother advised me as a youth that the only place success comes before work is in the dictionary.

JS: How often do you surprise yourself as a musician and how do such surprises happen?

HK: My greatest surprise comes every time I finish writing a tune, and that varies.

JS: You play a number of instruments, so please tell us what makes an instrument special to you?

HK: Vocals are my strong suit.

JS: You have been nominated many times for awards and I wonder what effect do being nominated and winning awards have on a musician. Are awards always a good thing or do they have a negative side to them?

HK: Nominations hopefully mean jobs. They mean many things to musicians, and I am grateful each time I get a nomination for my music. It means those who know music, dig it.

JS: Tell us about the award you won in France last year and what it’s like doing gigs in France compared with gigs in Canada.

HK: l love France, and Dixie Frog records are my European distributors. The award was equivalent to a Grammy. I work more there than in Canada and that has got to change. Hopefully it will.

JS: I was playing your CD ‘High Country Blues’ yesterday and certainly admired and enjoyed your versatility, your inside track on the blues idiom, and your range from blues to soul to gospel to R&B. But I also heard some shades of a crooner and song stylist in the mix as well, so might we expect a CD of standards as with Willie Nelson’s Stardust from you?

HK: Perhaps, James. (laughter)

JS: A number of musicians have given me very disturbing accounts of their being black in our society. Do you care to comment on your own experience?

HK: No.

JS: What aspects of your essence as a human being do you bring to your music?

HK: I just write and sing what I can honestly deliver on stage. And that runs the gamut.

JS: Your partner of many years is the award-winning jazz singer Diana Panton, so I wonder how having two major musical players under one roof works out. Care to comment?

HK: No, we are private people.

JS: What’s on your musical agenda for 2016?

HK: I am working on my next release and looking forward to some gigs with the band I recorded with on “This Is From Here.” And having chats and coffee with my buddies at Williams.

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WHERE SCIENCE AND ART DANCE TOGETHER: AN INTERVIEW WITH ARCHAEOBOTANIST, TEACHER, ARTIST, AND RENAISSANCE MAN RUDY FECTEAU IN MOTION

Says Strecker: Several years ago I met Rudy Fecteau and began an ongoing conversation with him on many subjects -with one overlapping onto another or implying another or confiscating another. Some of these are subjects discussed in the interview that now follows. Think Leonardo painting the Mona Lisa and also doing the plans for a flying machine and proceeding to other areas of study, and then let us begin:

James Strecker: Okay, to begin, what does an archaeobotanist do and why do you, yourself do it? What got you interested in archaeobotany in the first place? Which takes the lead – the archaeology or the botany?

Rudy Fecteau: An archaeobotanist analyzes carbonized plant material from archaeological sites. This includes pre-contact, contact and Euro-Canadian sites. I have also identified palaeo-environmental material from the northern climes of Western Canada for a palaeo-environmentalist. The reason I am in the position to study the past in a different way is fortuitous. As an unemployed archaeologist in the mid 1970’s, I obtained employment as a typist for the botany department at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto. I was told that the job would last about four weeks but I completed it in three days (I could type!). Dr. McAndrews then had me work on sorting through and identifying charred wood and seeds from a late 16th century Huron/Wendat site near Woodbridge, Ontario interestingly called the Seed site. That was forty years ago and, even though I’ve had other jobs in the meantime, I have continued to do this work for the archaeology community during evenings, holidays and vacation time. Since I spent much of my time in archaeology focusing on plant material, I started doing less field work and more lab work. As I aged and damaged my knees, it became much easier to do the lab work than the field work.
It is during my retirement years that I have been able to fully establish myself as an archaeobotanist with all its attendant responsibilities of analysis, report writing, article writing and academic and public presentations. And I can get paid!

JS: You’re an intriguing combination of interests. You also paint, you write, you photograph, you cook, you create means of presentation, you’re an obsessive teacher, and who knows what else? Please explain these and other activities you choose to have in your life and how they work together.

RF: The basic point is that, in spite of being retired for eight years, I don’t know what I want to be when I grow up. Over the years I have sketched, drawn cartoons, and made illustrations of plants, etc. A decade or more ago I took the first of several watercolour courses at DVSA. A gift of a digital SLR camera led me to take some photography courses there as well. During another period of unemployment, I spent a lot of time at the elementary school in Toronto where my wife was teaching. I enjoyed this so much that I enrolled in a two-year teacher training course – on my 50th birthday! After graduation and three years of supply teaching, I got my first class – two weeks after my wife retired! During my retirement years I have learned how to bake and usually bake cakes, cookies, scones etc. for others since we really should not be eating those things.
Since I am one of the very few folks in Ontario doing archaeobotanical studies, I felt that it was important for me to inform as many people as possible about this less well known field of studies. Therefore, I have taken advantage of any opportunity to speak to public or academic groups about my work.

JS: As an artist and photographer, what appeals to you in creating a visual image? What are all you considerations as you make such a creation?

RF: I see the extraordinary in the ordinary. My experience assists me in making decisions about composition, lighting, exceptionality, etc. Often a story unfolds in front of me, whether it is something in the natural world or when I am working with people in a solitary way or in groups or just wandering through an event. My artistic creations often take on a life of their own and I just follow instinctively. I have been planning a piece of art that makes connections between my work as an archaeobotanist and the peoples I have been studying for the past forty years. I have selected subjects which are meaningful to native people and my studies.

JS: Seeds. You seek them out and even hunt them down because, I take it, they are such rich indicators of our historical process. Fill us in about the importance of seeds past and present.

RF: Seeds are an indicator of plant use by people of the past for food, whether native or agricultural, fuel, cordage, housing, tools and medicinal purposes to name a few. This kind of information is not available with other aspects of archaeological research. Another interesting aspect of studying plants from the archaeological record is that we are able to study the origins and diffusion of cultivated plants, both here in the New World and the Old World.
Seeds of native plants are a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals crucial to a balanced diet. Identifying plants from seeds, nut shells and wood provides us with an increasing knowledge of how people survived here in Ontario for the last 7,000 or more years. Identifying small bits of wood, for example, allows us to make statements about the importance of certain trees used for fuel and to examine changes in forest zones. Seeds and nut shells that we find allow us make statements about the availability of these plants and the seasonality of sites.

JS: Seeds are so small, so how exactly do you find them? How do seeds have impact upon how you visualize the world in your art?

RF: Because of the small size of the seeds, many of them are not readily visible. Archaeologists have to process archaeological soils using water flotation techniques which separate plant material from the soil before sending the resulting small parcels to me for examination. This technique reduces the volume of material to look through by 95%. Soil samples are taken from important site locations {garbage heaps, hearths etc.} and then ‘floated’ in water to separate the charred plant material from the soil. Materials that float are collected, dried, and packaged as the ‘Light Fraction’. This includes tiny seeds, nut shell and all manner of corn elements that includes cob segments, kernels, stalk fragment and ‘cupules’ {small pockets that contain the corn kernels on the cob}. Larger materials that sink, ‘Heavy Fraction’, include nut shells, charcoal and sometimes uncharred wood. The archaeology community generally sends me Light Fraction samples to analyze because they will provide the most botanical information. From time to time I have also examined Heavy Fraction and Screened material. This often provides additional botanical information and I have even identified a wooden bead from screened material from a 2,500 year old site in the Mississauga area.
After the field separation techniques have provided me with material to examine, I may have to further separate the material in a series of different sized sieves to make it easier to find seeds. That done, I identify seeds, nut shell and wood fragments based on their microscopic features. I look at their size, form, surface pattern, shape, and where they are attached to the plant. These characteristics all help me make an identification, with confidence, of most of the botanical material.
To answer the second part of your question, it is these characteristics that waft through my brain and comingle with those wonderful things going on in the right side of my brain. In some of my spare minutes I will commit pencil, pen and ink to paper to render my own impressions of these invisible patterns that only a few people in the world have privy to. So much to do, so little time. I am looking for a forty hour day so that I may have more time to do all the things I would like to do.

JS: Whatever you are doing, the process of finding out endlessly seems essential to you. How does such inherent need to explore and find out manifest itself in the activities you do?

RF: I guess that I am basically curious. I find that, if I am listening to music, drawing or painting or walking around taking pictures, I want to understand the process behind wherever my interests take me. Often I see the extra-ordinary in the ordinary. I see patterns everywhere.

JS: Tell us about maybe five or your discoveries of any kind that have been essential to your development, especially in the overlap of the sciences and the arts.

RF: One of the interesting things that I have noticed over the years is that I have a capacity and enthusiasm for learning new things. This ability has led me to where I am today. My academic career had me in university in my late twenties, early forties and early fifties. When I finished my master’s studies at York University, employment in archaeology was not forthcoming so I worked for Northern Telecom as an installer and thoroughly enjoyed it. I learned quickly how to do intricate wiring jobs. The temporary 90 day job lasted three and half years. After I left Nortel, I found out that I had been viewed by them as a valued worker.
When I was unemployed in my fifties, I took on a volunteer position at my wife’s school that led to teacher training studies at the Institute of Child Studies in Toronto. My interests in the arts were valuable while working with children or adults in the classroom because I was able to create activities and workshops. Before I even applied to teachers college, I gave workshops in archaeology and archaeobotany to elementary and high school teachers and I provided a two day mini-course in caricature and cartooning for the Gifted Program based on my collection of cartoon and cartoon history books. Immediately after getting my teaching certificate, I travelled to elementary and high schools around south central Ontario doing presentations for the Ontario Archaeological Society.
While I was teaching, I gave a paper at a symposium. I was one of two people using slides – I had back up overheads in case the projector didn’t work. The other presenter using slides and I were amazed at the Power Point presentations given by the students and other young people. Once I retired and found that people wanted me to give presentations to various groups, I realized how convenient it would be for me to learn it. So, I set about learning to use Power Point.
Since many of the materials I study are very small, I need to use a microscope. However, that makes it awkward to show a group of people what I see. I needed to have photographs to illustrate these things in my presentations. I had lenses for my camera to assist me in photographing some of the larger material, but, microscopic items were beyond my ability. Enter Richelle Moynahan of Wilfrid Laurier University and her brand new computer operated microscope which was capable of photographing minute particles. She needed materials to allow her to develop facility with this equipment and asked an archaeology professor if he knew anyone with materials which she could use for practice. As a result, I have photographs of a number of microscopic seeds which I have been able to use in reports and presentations. Subsequent to this, McMaster University opened the Sustainable Archaeology Lab in the Innovation Park facility. Catherine Paterson, the Operations Manager, has even newer equipment which she has used to photograph many more botanical items for me. More recently, Paul Racher of Archaeological Research Associates Limited invited me to use a new camera/microscope at his company in Ancaster. I have been going there for ‘Photo Phridays’ for several weeks and collecting a number of new images for my reports and presentations. As a result of my teacher training and years in the classroom, I think I have become a better ‘explainer’ with regard to talking to groups or individuals about all my interests.

JS: The notion and limits of time seem essential to your life and your thinking. Tell us about how you yourself experience time and how we as humans must adjust are concepts of time.

RF: Basically, the problem is that there is not enough time for all the things I want to do. As a result I am always having to leave one thing to go work on something else. This can be frustrating because I feel that some things get neglected. It would be nice if I didn’t have to sleep.

JS: You seem to be constantly turned on by the world you experience. Please explain this state of being, how it has impact on your creativity, and you manage to function among others who take life for granted and are not as inspired by life as you?

RF: I find that most everything is interesting and exciting. This allows me to be able to see how things can be connected and interpreted. I find that I tend to be drawn to people who have similar interests. Those people who don’t feel the same way tend to avoid me because they don’t want to be lectured at so I don’t have to worry about having to deal with them.

JS: What is the essence of teaching and learning?

RF: Sharing! Encouraging others to question and explore. Showing others the fun of learning.

JS: Tell us about your connection to native communities and how such contact has affected you as an artist and as a scientist.

RF: Despite being involved with pre-contact and contact sites for many years, I didn’t actually meet any First Nation folks until about twelve years ago. After that I volunteered to be part of the Monitor/Liaison training at both Six Nations of the Grand and the Mississaugas of the New Credit. Subsequent to that, I was invited several times to participate in the Historical, Cultural and Educational Gathering at New Credit which included elders, artists, story tellers, doctors, historians, archaeologists…
I’ve also enjoyed taking pictures at a Six Nation lacrosse game and of dancers in full regalia at both Six Nations of the Grand, Museum of Ontario Archaeology in London, and Mississaugas of the First Nation Pow Wows. Some of the photographs have been used by my wife for mixed media and water colour paintings. Since my retirement we have met many First Nation folks of different ages, casually and in the classroom, and appreciated being treated as elders by younger members of the communities.

JS: Which of your senses do you enjoy most and find the most rewarding? Why is this so?

RF: Sense of humour, because I enjoy that state of mind. I remember fondly when I was cartooning that I was always drawing with ‘punning’ intention. I often find that a sense of humour goes far when meeting people and can relieve tension in a new situation – especially mine. Close behind is a sense of curiosity.
Now that I am retired and working on being a lay-about (no time yet) I am reading about science on purpose. When I was younger I did not have the opportunity to finish high school and because I was taking technical subjects I missed out on English, physics, chemistry etc. I find the exploration of physics, astronomy and cosmology so fascinating and interesting. I have read and continue to read this aspect of science in my spare minute. I use that minute wisely.

JS: You suggest an interesting past, one that among other things includes figure skating and playing the five string banjo, so tell us about all the interesting things you have done, especially interesting stuff that you might not include on a CV.

RF: After being taken out of school after grade 11, I got a job as night messenger at CN Telecommunications in Toronto. This introduced me to some cat-sized rats in alley ways around the Union Station area while I was delivering inter office communications or going for coffee for the staff. My younger sister was involved in roller figure skating in Mimico at that time. She encouraged me to get involved as well during my free time. Eventually at CN I became a teletype operator and took over as a shift supervisor when I was 21. The introduction of a computer system in the late 60’s led to my first bout with unemployment. I noticed that U. of T. was going to accept adult students who did not necessarily qualify for admission. After taking a summer course in English at U. of T. and an effective reading course at York, I was admitted to U. of T. when I was twenty-six. I took a variety of general courses which might make me more employable. One of the last courses I took was field archaeology which led me to completely change my idea of what I wanted to do after school. I worked on various sites for the ministry which administered archaeological work. This took me out of Toronto and to various locations in north central Ontario and to university in Winnipeg for a few months (where I was exposed to the banjo).
Once I had developed skills in archaeobotany, I was hired by the Museum of Indian Archaeology in London to work on a site in Pickering which was the proposed area for the new (and later extinct) airport. This was the first large scale excavation in Ontario that used bull dozers to remove top soil. I collected and floated soil samples then packaged the resulting float residues for study. During this time I became involved with the Ontario Archaeological Society in London. Many years later I received the Society’s highest honour, the J. Norman Emerson Silver Medal for my contributions to the society and archaeological education.
I always enjoy visiting museums, art galleries, botanical gardens and archaeology sites wherever we go. One time at a museum on Cape Cod, I went to the washroom then found an archaeology lab where I was busy chatting for some time until my wife finally found me.
Throughout my life I have enjoyed reading. This has included comic books, science fiction stories and science and art magazines. I had amassed a large collection of cartoon and cartoon history books which eventually was donated to the Dundas Valley School of Art. I was exposed to stories and books aimed at elementary school students while I was teaching and found that I enjoyed many of them. Many science fiction, fantasy, and children’s stories have been made into films which I have also found enjoyable and have collected.

JS: How in your experience do the arts and science impact one on the other?

RF: Science focusses on patterns and organization. For instance, seeds and charcoal all have patterns that are species specific. This is what allows me to identify the archaeobotanical items which are sent to me. Art, whether it is visual or auditory, has to do with perceiving and reproducing those patterns as well as developing patterns which might not actually exist.

JS: I know you love science fiction, for one, so how about you describe some of you favourite films, books, and TV shows of any genre and tell us why they interest you. How do they influence you as a scientist and an artist?

RF: Yes, I enjoy science fiction. Some favourites are Forbidden Planet, The Day the Earth Stood Still, War of the Worlds, Star Trek, Star Wars, Jurassic Park… I enjoy watching science programs such as Cosmos, The Nature of Things, Nova, Nature etc. on television. The Choir, other concerts, and documentaries about arts and artists are also of interest to me. I like to see how people develop characters, plots and settings. The crossover between actual science and science fiction is interesting as is the visual art associated with it and the music used as background. I enjoy the use of animation and computer generated graphics in these films. In the reports which I prepare, I use charts and graphs to illustrated and explain my findings.

JS: Let’s use whatever personally meaningful criteria you have for creativity and ask you this: “How exactly are you creative?”

RF: My creativity has been with me since I was a wee lad. I remember copying comic book covers in detail with class mates at a young age. I can still recall copying several Walt Disney comic book covers which my father did not think I had done freehand but had actually traced it. I continued to play with drawing and sketching much of what was around me, especially trees and plants. I have kept this interest up during my whole life, but not seriously. I never seemed to have enough time.
Whatever it is I am doing – baking, taking pictures, drawing, painting – I try to modify, alter and change it according to how I react to elements of that specific endeavour.

JS: Why should all people care about archaeobotany? Why should all people care about the arts?

RF: Archaeobotany tells us stories of the environment and how it affected and was modified by those who lived before us. We can see how use of plants from the environment led people to the development of agriculture. It helps us to see that they were much like us.
The arts show us the heart and imagination of people, how people dealt with communication and with the spiritual. There is something intrinsically special about being creative, about telling stories, portraying life as it is and how it could be.

JS: What projects are you working on at this moment and why these?

RF: On January 21st a group of seniors from the Misssissaugas of the New Credit are taking a bus trip to our house. I will be presenting a power point presentation that includes a 7,000 year perspective of plant use in Ontario. I will also focus on plants with medicinal properties to illustrate the availability of these plants to their ancestors.
In mid-January I begin an art course at the Dundas Valley School of arts to work on current art projects that illustrate a connection with plants from the archaeological record and how they connect with my understanding of the spiritual world. This current project has also been nurtured by my interest in native painting, especially ‘Woodland’ painting.
I am also involved with analysis of plant material from an early 17th century Huron/Wendat site in Simcoe County. This is being done for Gary Warrick and Bonnie Glencross at Wilfrid Laurier University. This project is the largest I have been involved with for the last several years. It incorporates examination of carbonized seeds, nut shell fragments and wood from more than a hundred samples. What is unique about this project is that all the material is from four middens {garbage heaps}. This is the first time I have had material to analyze from a detailed archaeological context. The archaeologists have provided material excavated in 10cm levels from each midden. This will enable me to identify plants in each level. I will then be able to compare and contrast each midden and level in detail.

JS: Do you ever sleep?

RF: Yes! I generally need about seven hours a night with occasional afternoon naps. I have even been known to have my “afternoon nap” at 11 am – if I had been working down in the ‘dungeon’ from 3 or 4 am. I often miss about a half of evening TV shows because I nod off. I am often motivated to get up during the night to attend to creative notions that come to me in dreams or on current projects.

JS: Tell us about your working space, why it serves you well and how you might improve it.

RF: “The Dungeon” was a section of the basement that my mother-in-law had finished so that I would have part as workspace and my wife would have the other for a studio. However, my work managed to spread out and take over the entire space. In fact, it has started sneaking into the main part of the basement as well. In the dungeon, I have a section for microscopy, a computer/monitor/printer table, several tables for layout space, a storage closet and LOTS of book shelves. Other folding tables are put into use when I need extra layout space for a project. More space and better lighting would be an improvement as well as consistent heating.

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GEMMA NEW: AN INTERVIEW WITH THE NEW MUSIC DIRECTOR OF THE HAMILTON PHILHARMONIC, ASSOCIATE CONDUCTOR OF THE NEW JERSEY SYMPHONY, FOUNDER AND DIRECTOR OF THE LUNAR ENSEMBLE, PRINCIPAL CONDUCTOR OF CAMERATA NOTTURNA, AND GUEST CONDUCTOR EVERYWHERE

James Strecker: One of your mentors, Gustav Meier, once told me that he took exception to a remark made by Leonard Bernstein, I think it was, that when he was conducting he felt like the composer of a given work. So how, in your opinion, does a conductor balance personal expression and responsibility to the composer’s intention?

Gemma New: From what you’re saying, I’m not sure Bernstein was implying that he expresses music differently from the composer’s intentions. Perhaps Bernstein was commenting on the process of learning a score. We are often trying to get inside the mind of the composer, to understand the composer’s creative process.

Mr. Meier was my teacher for two years at the Peabody Conservatory, and I greatly cherish the time I had studying with him. He took great care in teaching the details in the score. Every part, every line, needed to be felt or shown.

JS: As a conductor, how exactly do you connect with a work in order to lead an orchestra in its presentation to an audience?

GN: The general score-learning process is analysis (the what, how, why), learning the musicological background of the composer and work, deciding upon the interpretation for the concert at hand, and figuring out how to achieve this interpretation.

JS: Several conductors have told me that listening to recordings of a given work can interfere with one’s interpretation of it. What is your view?

GN: There are many influences on one’s interpretation: score study, playing it on the piano, researching the composer and background of the work, working on the piece as a cover conductor, rehearsing and performing the work as an orchestral player or as a conductor, receiving feedback from players, dealing with the physical realities of the space you will be using, life experience, as well as listening to recordings. Many great influences to lead one to a strong interpretation!

JS: You have a number of conducting positions and I wonder if a young person came to you for advice as to how to become a conductor of quality, what five things would you stress to this person?

GN: You need to work hard, study the music deeply and meticulously. You need to manage your time responsibly. Be comfortable with who you are, that way you can better focus on working with others. I’ve always found I work considerably better when I’m relaxed; find a way to turn off the high nervous energy. Remember that your instrument is not an object, it’s a large team of highly talented and driven human beings.

JS: How did being born in New Zealand affect you as a musician and as a conductor?

GN: I had a great childhood in New Zealand, rich in classical music. People sometimes say to me that because New Zealand is a small and remote country, they suspect we might not be in touch with the classical music tradition, but this is not the case. We have international stars visiting all the time, many professional and youth orchestras throughout the country, and many of our teachers and professional musicians are world class.

JS: I am quite blown away by very active and widespread musical life you live, so please tell us something about the demands and pleasures of each of your current musical positions, how many gigs each one involves, and your other musical activities. What do you love most about your musical life? Is there any danger of spreading yourself too thin?

GN: My schedule is actually quite normal for a conductor. I love the variety of music, ensembles, cities that I encounter throughout the year. It is always a real treat to work with the LA Phil, as I am this week. I look forward to bringing experiences and ideas from LA to Hamilton.

JS: You started as a violinist, so where does playing a violin fit into your present life? How does being a violinist influence how you conduct and approach an orchestra?

GN: I started playing the violin at a young age, soon after joining youth orchestras, and later professional orchestras. This experience has helped me understand players’ needs and point of view. Plus, I feel very comfortable working with the string section!

JS: What’s it like nowadays for a female conductor in the international world of classical music?

GN: Being a female has never seemed like a hurdle nor a benefit for me. I started conducting at a young age, and realised quickly that this was my most natural way of expressing, and contributing to, music.

JS: You’re the founder-director of the Lunar Ensemble in New York, a group that commissions and performs new works of classical music. What’s the difference for you in approaching a new score and one that is a staple of our musical canon?

GN: The Lunar Ensemble is based in the culturally rich city of Baltimore, MD, though we do often travel and perform in other States. We work on many new pieces by emerging and established composers. Often the composer is with us, and we work closely with them in rehearsal to make sure the piece is performed the way they envisioned.

JS: When you conducted Beethoven’s 6th in Hamilton last year, I heard elements I hadn’t noticed before, which put the symphony, to some degree, in a new perspective. How often does it happen to you that, when you approach a work to conduct it, you find things that other conductors hadn’t revealed to you? How does having to conduct a work make you see it in a new light?

GN: There are many delightful underlying rhythms and inner voices in Beethoven’s symphonies, especially that 2nd movement of the 6th. Whenever I am preparing a program, I take my score and start where I left off. New ideas, new perspectives happen all the time.

JS: Since you are the HPO’s new musical director, perhaps you could explain all the things a person with this position does.

GN: As Music Director of the HPO I will, in collaboration with HPO musicians and staff, lead the artistic vision of the orchestra. We want audiences to be inspired by the concert experience, and to be moved by the music. Practically speaking, I lead this vision by programming the seasons, rehearsing and performing with the orchestra, and engaging with the audience on and off the podium.

JS: Inevitably one sees a sea of grey heads at concerts –or plays, for that matter- and I wonder what you might do to bring young people to classical music. Can this be done without gimmickry or selling out the music?

GN: Our product is excellent and exciting performances of powerful, live orchestral music. Diluting this wouldn’t make sense, it is our strongest asset. I think there are three things we need to focus upon here – spreading the word so that younger people are more aware of the concerts, getting all who walk in the doors to feel welcome, and providing extra-musical events for those want a better understanding of the music. The HPO staff and musicians are doing a tremendous job with this already, and I’m really proud to become part of their team.

JS: With such a very busy and demanding life, how do you keep healthy? What do you do about stress?

GN: Each of equal importance: get enough sleep, stay warm, eat healthily, exercise.

JS: I get the feeling that you have a lot of plans, in some stage, for the musical scene in Hamilton. If they are in a form that you can discuss at present, could you tell us what some of them are?

GN: I cannot wait (but I will have to wait…) to tell you about the 2016-17 season!! The Artistic Advisory Committee and I have been spending these last few months programming this season and I am so excited to be presenting these programs with the HPO for Hamilton.

JS: Why is classical music important?

GN: Society acknowledges the importance of physical exercise and eating healthily, but what about mental and emotional health? What about the need to express feelings without words, the need to relax and take your mind off the stresses of everyday life, the need to be creative and to dream, the need to be inspired by something that is greater than yourself? Classical music does all this. Orchestras especially are the great example of what humanity can achieve when united. Alone, we cannot achieve an orchestral performance, but together we can create something beautiful and powerful.

JS: Thanks, and I’m very glad to say ‘Welcome to Hamilton.’

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THE INTERVIEWER GETS INTERVIEWED: JAMES STRECKER, THE PROPRIETOR OF THIS BLOG, JAMES STRECKER REVIEWS THE ARTS, IS INTERVIEWED BY AUTHOR, EDITOR, CONSULTANT, AND DEPTH PSYCHOLOGIST VALERIE HARMS

Valerie Harms: James Strecker has reviewed and posted articles on the arts in this column since 2010. Having been a recent subject, I thought it would be of interest to switch sides and ask him questions. After all, he has written ten poetry collections, edited many books, been a college professor in the arts for 30 years, and founded a small press. His own creativity deserves the spotlight. So let’s begin…

Valerie Harms: Have you lived in Hamilton or Ontario your whole life? How has place affected your creativity?

James Strecker: I was born in St. Boniface Manitoba, lived on a farm in Beausejour for four years, and at one point almost died from swallowing a piece of metal. We then came east for some months in Washington D. C., and then to Hamilton ever since. And, yes, place has always affected my creativity, since one’s location either feeds you or starves you, and Hamilton did both. Until recently, Hamilton has been an industrial town, but having Toronto nearby allowed me exposure to international figures in the arts. I also went looking, as a teen, for every artistically hip individual in Hamilton’s coffee houses, where I distributed the folk music periodical I produced, hung out there with Peter, Paul and Mary, learned flat-picking by meeting Ramblin’ Jack Elliot, and Buffy Sainte-Marie sang me a new Dylan song from Greenwich in her dressing room. We once had Sonny Terry over for supper and I also met Pete Seeger with whom I then corresponded many years until he died a while back.

VH: Since you too are experienced as a consultant and user of Ira Progoff’s Intensive Journal Method, let’s touch on five major stepping stones in the formation of your existence.

JS: Okay, but as you know one’s life has many such steppingstones and these are off the top of my greying head.
1.Born into a working class and second generation from Europe family, had something of an unsettled life in which I had to create my own world. But my dad did get me drawing and, because he played the accordion, interested in folk and country music. Meanwhile, my mother took me to filmed operas from Italy, especially those with Beniamino Gigli and Tito Gobbi, and I did fall in love with soprano Alda Noni in Traviata. I finally found a recording of hers in Milan many years later.
2. Married to Margaret and marriage, when one is ready and able, helps one to grow and to grow up in many subtle ways. We’ve been deeply connected since, when in university, we met at an evening of scenes from Greek tragedy. Since then we have laughed a lot together. And she got me to go to Europe the first time and I’ve never stopped since.
3. My first cat, Pee Wee, and through her I developed a deep bond with other than human animals. This connection with all living beings is essential to who I am and determines how I see the world and how I behave in it.
4.When Sir Ernest MacMillan conducted Sheherezade in Hamilton and I, on a school trip, heard the enchanting violin solo and saw the light reflecting magically on its surface and had unique feelings of wonder that are impossible to express adequately.
5. My first published poem, and in a prestigious journal, was about my mother’s uncle who had died. He was a man I had loved. It made me see the need for honesty and truth in creation, both of which every creator struggles to find.

VH: Is writing poetry your highest calling? In what way do your poems come to you?

JS.I don’t have a hierarchy of callings and am subject to the perpetual process of making sense of being alive in this world. Often one bleeds in some way and the blood coagulates into a poem. Sometimes life sings and then takes expression in a page of stanzas. Parts of poems commute through my brain every minute of every day, and whole poems arise because I look at humanity being petty, very cruel, and smugly stupid, and have to say something. Often enough, humans are beautiful as well, but it’s not enough to balance the sadistic things that too many people do. How can it be?

VH: Your book of poems Beside the Hemlock Garden: On Lives and Rights shows deep sadness about human’s treatment of each other and other animals. What prompted this collection?

JS: It continues a previous book on animal rights, Recipes for Flesh, and because the publisher made a mess of Hemlock, I now have gathered all my animal and human rights poems into a “selected” book for which I am seeking a publisher. Ingrid Newkirk and Gretchen Wyler have endorsed this book. Recipes began in Paris where, one evening, I walked past all the restaurants with carcasses in their windows and I walked down Rue St. Denis where groups of men were staring with both hunger and contempt at the prostitutes, and I had recently read a book by Hans Ruesch on experiments on animals which really pulled me down into despair. I stood on a bridge to watch the sun descend behind Ile de la Cite and to gather my thoughts and once back at the hotel began to write poems which kept coming for three solid weeks when I got back home. It was just me, my typewriter, several cartons of Gauloises and Gitanes, and my despair.

VH: Some of your poems inspired compositions by classical composers and a jazz singer. Is it gratifying to see your work taken on by others?

JS: It proves the poems can be singable. In fact, I’m almost now finished a collection of my new and old song lyrics I’ve written, so a bug has indeed been planted. But my reactions to these words set to music vary -and usually they are positive- because one hears one’s work living a different if somewhat foreign life. It does help if the composer makes it so one can understand the words.

VH: Given how you have interviewed so many artists and musicians, you must get a special inspiration from them? Can you describe how other creative people spark a flame in you?

JS: I’ve been interviewing major players in the arts since high school, I think Brownie McGhee was the first, and for the book on creativity which I’ve just finished writing, I interviewed 244 creators in many art forms from 47 countries. We spoke the same language, one of creativity, so let’s say they kept my flame burning, each in a different way.

VH: You compiled at least one book of poems inspired by other creators — Chasing the Muse: Poems on Creators — ranging from Oscar Petersen and Julian Bream to Neil Young and Pete Seeger. Are you glad that you can write your own poems in addition to reviewing performances?

JS: I usually make notes of some kind at a performance or exhibition and feel almost naked without a pen in my hand at such times. But making notes does offer a kind of intimacy with a given art, a doorway to imagination, a gathering of raw material for later use, although I recently went to several performances and just swam in the music. I was forced to simply be and to let the art work me over. And it really did.

VH: You seem equally sensitive to classical as well as jazz and blues music. When did this passion begin?

JS: Classical when as a kid I saw filmed operas and later on discovering Beethoven and Bach and Dowland and and and. When I was five, I think, my dad brought home a gramophone which we couldn’t afford in those tough times, but I then heard records of Wilf Carter and tons of polkas. When my older brother brought home recordings of people like Louis Armstrong, Bobby Hackett or Jelly Roll Morton, I discovered jazz. I have also sought out musicians from around the world and their music in concerts and on records, so Mikis Theodorakis and Ali Akbar Khan, for examples, are now a vital part of my life.

VH: I am jealous….B.B. King wrote an Introduction to your book of poems Routes. Oscar Petersen wrote in his Introduction to Black that you can “carry the reader further into the jazz player’s soul.” Was that a thrill?

JS: Yes, it was. In part it meant that I had written about blues and jazz in a way that the absolute masters in those musical forms could connect with what I had written. But it also got into another dimension beyond thrill and into connection, all of which it’s hard to describe. With B.B. and Oscar –with Dizzy Gillespie as well- we talked about personal things too, you see. I did get personal with many people I interviewed. But I did love having B. B. spontaneously read my poems on ballet to me and I loved having Oscar write on my record jacket “to a critical voice that I respect.” Hell, talk about validation!

VH: You seem able to bring your life experiences together as themes in your poetry books. Corkscrew combines people with places. What do you want us to take away from this book?

JS: I want the reader to feel and think deeply as a result of reading anything I write. If they are causing damage to people and other kinds of animals I want them to stop. If I can waken their joy in life, I hope I can bring out more joy, more insight. If they are cruel fuck-heads, I want the writing to punch them in their pointless, damn faces.

VH: A lot of your poems are laments for animal abuse, vivisectionists, and consumers of meat products. At what point did you become a vegan? What’s your response when out at a restaurant with other people?

JS: My wife and I backpacked in Europe for five months in ’69-’70 and lived often on cheese on baguette sandwiches, so the switch to being a vegetarian was a natural path when we returned to Canada. I became a vegan maybe 35 years ago for the same reason that I didn’t want animals to suffer or die so needlessly because of me. And I try not to sit at a table where dead animals or animal products are being eaten. One of the great ironies of my life is that some of the people I trust most are not vegetarian –at least not yet- and they are otherwise certainly decent and giving people.

VH: You pursued an M.A. in drama. Did you act or did the experience mainly give you a special perspective on theatre?

JS: After my M.A. in Drama, I never got to use it, except as a reviewer and writer about the arts. At one point, I did some acting, even a little Chekhov, and ran the lighting for several productions. Of course, I do all my acting in day to day life, like everyone else, no? That M. A. year, I did have an elective course with Marshall McLuhan and got to know him a bit later when I attended his Monday night sessions at his Centre for Culture and Technology. I think he wrote a letter of reference for my first teaching job.

VH: You are equally adept at talking on a sophisticated level with musicians, singers, actors, directors, and writers. How does that accomplishment make you feel?

JS: As a writer about the arts, it’s my job to explore people and creativity with skill and I have worked hard to be worthy of my subject. Other than the fact that I have to know what I am talking about when I do my interviews, it is a real buzz to have great artists say they had never before thought of what we were discussing. So they too are learning, running with the ball of new discovery. But when I interview someone like Judi Dench or John Banville or Steve Reich or Ravi Shankar or Terry Gilliam or Jeremy Irons or Jonathan Miller, I know I have to be as close to their level -in several ways- as I can. It really was an encouraging inspiration when, after just my first interview, Marcel Marceau told me that my book on creativity was going to be “a very important book.” He thus raised the bar and I had to keep leaping high. He also sent me a letter or two in which he made all sorts of his drawings. One fave story is that an award-winning actress once told me, when I gave her an analysis of her performance, that I was better than her coach. I do plan to coach creative people when these writing projects I’m now finishing are done.

VH: Tell us about your sculpture?

JS: I went through a period of making large welded metal sculptures and of these I created a memorial sculpture to Marshall McLuhan and a memorial sculpture to Glenn Gould. A photo of the latter one can be found on the site of the National Library of Canada.

VH: What was most rewarding about your long career as a college professor?

JS: Education is a big subject and I have strong feelings about the destruction of curiosity and spirit and imagination that we advocate and allow in our schools. One relevant thing, Marshall did tell me once that “the content is the user” and that became my premise in offering a class situation. I leaned more toward students learning than teachers teaching. Students who were into introspection had an interesting time while those who weren’t sometimes hated my class and sometimes hated me, I suspect.

VH: You have received many honors for your contributions to the arts. Which have been the most satisfying and why?

JS: Well, I received the City of Hamilton Arts Award in ’93 when they awarded only one a year, and of course I do note that in my blurbs. But, like many, I find awards of any kind distasteful in how they depict one work as better than another. Apples and oranges, you know. I’ve interviewed hundreds of creative people for three of my books and many of these also hold that awards are arbitrary, driven by chance as much as anything else including ignorance, and ridiculous in how they are determined by tunnel-visioned individuals or irrelevant factors.

VH: I know that your life has seen an uncommon number of deaths. How has that fact affected you?

JS: Each death made me deal with it. Once, when I was interviewed by Peter Gzowski about my book Black, I remember saying that each meaningful death was a test of one’s ‘spiritual knowledge’, and so it is. When my mother died I spent five hours with her open-mouthed corpse in her room, gathering her stuff, writing her obit for the daily paper, feeling numbed out, and that whole experience stays with me. So does sobbing my guts out over cats I’ve loved so much who have died or a friend who won’t be physically present in my life any more. I’ve certainly sobbed while writing obituary poems on a number of occasions. But I didn’t realize, until Peter pointed it out, that I wrote so much about death, even in a book about jazz musicians. Come to think of it, Dexter Gordon’s wife shared a poem I wrote about him when he died with a lot of people, I am told, and I heard she had it read at his memorial. When my friend and collaborator Harold Town died, I read my tribute poem to him on Peter Gzowski’s program and over a hundred people wrote requesting a copy, so that felt comforting to share our loss through a poem. So when you have a death and write about it, you can’t accept bullshit as much as before in writing and, yes, in people.

VH: Care to talk about dealing with long-term illness?

JS: I’ve had daily pain of fibromyalgia for eighteen years and that was an existential experience at the most fundamental level until I learned to choreograph my energies. I’ve covered all this in an article in this blog titled Fibromyalgia and Living with Pain: A Writer’s Account and it can be found at http://jamesstrecker.com/words/?tag=fibromyalgia . Living with pain certainly cut into my productivity as a writer, for a time, and until I learned to control or live with the pain, I had very bad periods just trying to do day to day things. I also went through a period of depression –maybe four years- and often my judgment was preoccupied with pain, which got me into undesirable situations which I should have, as they say, avoided like the plague. But I did learn again to really dive into a book and once again get it to the level I desired. I learned so much, sometimes unpleasant stuff, about myself and others, so thank you pain, you have taught me well. I now try to work out at the gym twice a week and that really lifts my spirits, even if my body then aches for two days. I’ve also enjoyed giving workshops, consulting, and being interviewed again.

VH: What do you do when you get discouraged? And by contrast, what does a good day look like?

JS: Although I have thought seriously about what euthanasia and suicide mean to oneself and the few people who actually do care whether one lives or dies, I also have a strong desire not to fall into any degrees of discouragement and I do have parts of my life that immediately make me happier. I often, when facing a no, find another route that says yes. I’m also learning, finally, not to undermine myself in so many possible ways. Therefore, a good day is the one I’m living. Life interests me and I treat each encounter with another person as a potential for improvisation. Unfortunately, this doesn’t mean that we aren’t part of a really fucked up and destructive species. Some people are obsessed with getting you if you don’t watch out, no matter what all those best-selling life-affirming books say. The truth is that I love living and some people for no reason don’t want me to.

VH: What’s your favorite comfort food?

JS: I’m a vegan and I find brief comfort knowing that my meal hasn’t required a death or abuse of another life.

VH: What are seven essential things that you have learned to be of most value over your lifetime?

JS: Oh, Valerie, you are making me work! Okay…
-To try to be open emotionally, physically, intellectually, and spiritually, but, at the same time –and this is hard- to be discerning.
-To take people for what they are and not for what I want or need them to be. Once, as a guest lecturer, I told a class of journalists the following: “People are full of shit. You are full of shit and I am full of shit and once you understand what that means, you’ll be fine.” At the break, half the class left and half stayed.
-To live in the world but also to live in my heart at the same time. Hard to do.
-Hang out with cats and learn from them until I am, at least briefly, more than just a limited human.
-Buy my wife chocolates or some favorite dessert at the right time.
-Don’t look to others to understand me since what they see is projection.
-Avoid assholes at any cost, although being an asshole has become de rigueur nowadays it seems.

VH: Who have been the five most influential people in your life — and why?

JS:-My wife because through her I find that love can grow richer and wiser over time and she has helped even a tight-ass like yours truly to lighten up a bit
-my parents because, although they came from either a very hard poverty and slave-like working conditions or, on the other hand, emotional abuse, they kept on going with instinctive determination…and they did expose me to much
– Ira Progoff because his Intensive Journal Method gave me a place to articulate and negotiate my way through my inner world…because Ira leaned to evocative and intuitive psychology and not analysis, he helped me to accept life as process with which we had to learn to live
-Marshall McLuhan because, as I said in my tribute poem to him when he died, he “riffed on academia” and thus gave me new dynamic ways of experiencing so many fields of study that other academics made lifeless and restricted….I read most of Marshall’s long, long reading list on so many subjects and some of those books are still with me in some meaningful way
-finally, the next person I meet

VH: Tell us about your cats. Any favorites?

JS. I love our cats and love to look into their eyes face to face and have that profound communication or connection when it happens……Favorites? All of them, of course. Each is an individual with a personal life and a unique inherent value. I talk to them every day and learn from them. I’ve just noticed that our cat Charlie is drinking from my glass of water, by the way.

VH: You once said that your wife, Margaret, takes them in. How long has she been doing that?

JS: Since she took in a stray cat in our first months of marriage and called him Simon. She is now the chairperson of our SPCA board and rescues dozens of cats herself each year, and works with Trap-Neuter-Return to decrease the number of feral cats who freeze outside in winter.

VH: What is the secret for your long marriage?

JS; We want to be together, we care deeply about each other, we try to give each other space, we enjoy each other a lot, we respect each other, we have lived through very difficult periods and got through them, and, I suspect, because in recent years I’m the one who does most of the cooking.

VH: As you age, do you have an urgency to catch up with your projects? Tell us about the creativity book you’ve been working on.

JS: That’s what I’m doing right now. My book on creativity with its 244 persons interviewed is done, my book about learning to write is well into a final edit, my selected poems on animal rights are ready to go, and I am now into a major edit of my collection of new poems and my collection of song lyrics. And get this: I have two ideas for projects as a spinoff from the book on creativity. I want to know what all these projects will finally be, yes.

VH: When I’m gone, what do you hope people remember?

JS: I’m not sure, but I don’t know if I really care. Let’s face it, once you commit to animal rights and to human rights, to human potential as a route to enlightened beings and to the arts as a manifestation of our exquisite creative potential, you realize how deeply ugly in attitude to others some people are, how willfully shallow they are, how indifferent they are as a matter of course to things that matter profoundly to other living beings of any species. Very few people have even the smallest inkling of what another human or any being is about, so if they remember you, you have often become a fiction, too often a self-serving one. Moreover, too many humans just blindly want to win, whatever that means and whatever the cost, and don’t want to be disturbed on their route to that end. Thus, we are now facing extinction because we do not want to know what in sum we really are, we don’t want to change. Meanwhile, the floods and plagues and starvation and heat are lining up to have a word with us, and they certainly have no interest in our illusions of prolonged consequence.

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LAURA CONDLLN (NOT CONDLIN): AN INTERVIEW WITH THE ACTRESS (NOT ACTOR) PLAYING DOCTOR THOMAS STOCKMANN IN IBSEN’S CLASSIC AN ENEMY OF THE PEOPLE ….AT TORONTO’S TARRAGON THEATRE FROM OCTOBER 7 TO NOVEMBER 1

James Strecker: To start, please give me a few reasons why a Canadian audience of today should see a production of Ibsen’s An Enemy of the People from 1882.

Laura Condlln: I think this story and this production will especially resonate with a Canadian audience right at this very moment because we are right in the thick of a Federal Election. I think the play has the potential to provoke and politicize an audience, and the themes invite the audience – both figuratively and literally – to debate about our society.

JS: What to you is noteworthy about this specific production at the Tarragon?

LC: It’s a stimulating and thrilling piece of theatre that explodes through the ‘fourth wall’ in a way I’ve never experienced before.

JS: An actress who once did an Ibsen run on Broadway later told me something like this: Ibsen can be a difficult playwright to act because his plays have a lot of dialogue and are inherently weighty in atmosphere, thus they have a somewhat claustrophobic effect on all concerned. What would you say to that?

LC: I’m sure that’s true – Ibsen even reads that way off the page. However, our production is an extremely free spin on the original Ibsen text, and so it allows for great freedom and flexibility.

JS: Speaking and acting Ibsen……what adjustments and new approaches, if any, does each require on your part for this production?

LC: Our text is a translation by one of Tarragon’s playwrights in residence Maria Milisavljevic, based on an adaptation by Florian Borchmeyer. The original production was directed by Thomas Ostermeier at the Berlin Schaubühne Theatre. Our production is directly adapted from, and inspired by, that production. I mentioned before that this is an extremely free spin on the original Ibsen; the story, themes, rhetoric and relationships have roots in the original Ibsen, but this production is very contemporary. The text, the set, the costumes and the concept catapult us directly into 2015.

JS: In that vein, which playwright’s lines do you enjoy speaking most and which playwright has given you the most rewarding characters to act?

LC: It’s so difficult to choose a favourite! When I’m in a classical piece, I’m so happy and I think it’s the best; when I’m in a contemporary piece I’m so happy and think it’s the best. I’m easy to please. I love what I do, and feel so lucky each time I get to go on a journey inside a story. I’ve never met a character I didn’t like: some have darkness, and some light, and some are much more challenging to understand and get inside of than others, but ultimately it’s all rewarding.

JS: One thing I’ve appreciated about your acting in the past is how you can present a richly textured character to an audience as, at the same time, you imply a character’s inner world and thus make the audience come to you and be involved. Could you say a few words about what you try to achieve as an actor in a role?

LC: That’s so kind, thank you. I only ever want to do my best to represent what, and who, the playwright has written in the most real way I know how.

JS: Okay, the inevitable question. You’re a woman playing a guy, Doctor Stockman, indeed the main character, so is that a big deal? Or is it simply a case of sex-blind casting as we see in colour-blind casting elsewhere?

LC: Absolutely a case of Sex-blind casting. And why not? The play can absolutely support it. I am so grateful for the challenge and the opportunity, and must thank Richard Rose, the Artistic Director at the Tarragon and the director of the show, for having the idea and the faith to put a whole new lens on the production; and for inviting me to be a part of it.

JS: What do you bring of a woman’s physicality and sensibility to your role and what of a woman do you suppress or downplay in order to do Doctor Stockman?

LC: In this production, the character of Dr. Stockmann is a woman. It hasn’t occurred to me to heighten or hide anything to do with my femininity. For me, her gender is not the focus, the Dr.’s brain is my main focus because it’s her centre. She is ultra-focused – obsessed in fact – on her research and her work. She is thinking, thinking, thinking all the time. For me, she’s just a human being on a quest for the truth.

JS: In these difficult times for serious arts, could you tell us why theatre matters to you and why you give your life to it?

LC: Wow. That’s a big question that I’m not sure I can give proper due diligence… but I think that theatre is an expression of a basic human need to communicate, to connect, and to create meaning through narrative -we all do it, instinctually, as children – and this need brings people together. People – often strangers – gather together in one place for a couple of hours to share, witness, and contemplate a story – and hopefully are changed or affected in some way. In an age when most of our communication happens in front of a screen, when we are becoming more and more isolated and individualized, I think that this gathering function is, in and of itself, something that matters.

JS: You’ve worked in a number of theatrical companies, so please tell us what one tends to learn from other actors while performing with them. How does acting with others change an actor?

LC: Each time I join a new ensemble, there are always actors in the room by whom I am immediately humbled and inspired. I am constantly learning about generosity, rigour, patience, play, humour, empathy and compassion -which I hope makes me not only a better actor, but a better human.

JS: If you had to describe three people or situations that helped you to develop most as an actor, who or what would they be?

LC: Seana McKenna, Albert Schultz and the love of my life, my wife Jane Gooderham.

JS: Are there any mistakes that younger actors tend to make and, if so, what can they do about these?

LC: I think that sometimes the hunger for work can easily take a turn into ambition for success. I feel it’s important that all actors stay wide awake in the world and keep entitlement at bay, but humility and generosity close.

JS: You have a long list of credits at Stratford and I wonder several things: How does it feel to be an actor in this renowned company? Does the Festival’s past matter to you as an actor? How does an actor make life easier while living for a good part of the year in a small Ontario town with a demanding schedule to fulfil?

LC: I loved my time at Stratford, and will always have a deep affection for the company. And we love the town so much, we make our home there!
A repertory company is my favourite structure to be a part of, and though the schedule is indeed very busy and demanding, it is terrifically fulfilling. It’s great to have all the characters and narratives bouncing around in my head, begging for attention, and to juggle so many things at the same time. Not only that, I’m very happy rehearsing – I could rehearse forever – so rehearsing shows from March sometimes through until September was never a problem for me. And yes, the Festival is rich with history and tradition, and I feel very strongly that we should honour what came before us – not to be stuck in the past, but to know it and respect it. Especially with Shakespeare’s canon. He only wrote so many plays, so when they come around again and again, and you look back to see who played those parts before you, it feels as if you are part of a beautiful and hearty family tree.

JS: I missed your episode of Murdoch’s Mysteries and am now seeking it out, but what is it like doing a guest gig in this popular program?

LC: I had a wonderful time. And Yannick Bisson couldn’t be nicer or more welcoming.

JS: What does life in theatre have in store for you after this run at the Tarragon?

LC: Not sure exactly, but I look forward to the adventure.

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THE ARTS THIS FALL IN TORONTO-HAMILTON PART I

A look at the fall seasons of arts organizations in the Toronto-Hamilton area -in 6 questions

THE HAMILTON PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA

1.What is your name and connection to this organization?
Tara Bryk, Manager of Marketing and Development

2.How is your organization important to Canadian culture and to culture in general?
The Hamilton Philharmonic Orchestra (HPO) supports Canadian culture through the hiring of Canadian artists, and the performance and commission of Canadian works. This season in particular highlights the essence of Hamilton and the vastness of Canada’s artists and music scene.
The HPO welcomes Canadian guest artists Janina Fialkowska, Ian Thomas, the Canadian Brass and Katherine Chi, along with Music Directors of other Canadian orchestras including Bernhard Gueller, Ivars Taurins and Eric Paetkau. The HPO is also thrilled to present Canadian works from composers Robert Rival, Kelly Marie-Murphy and our own Composer-in-Residence Abigail Richardson-Schulte.
In addition to our mainstage concert series at Hamilton Place, new programming such as the annual What Next Festival of New Music and the free HPO Gallery Series bring the live orchestral experience to a broader range of people. As a key contributor to culture in the Greater Hamilton Area, the HPO is an important part of this community.

3.Please give me 3 to 5 highlights of this coming fall season and tell us why each one will be special.
*Opening Night: Chopin & Beethoven, September 19, 2015: The first concert of a season is always special and this concert is no different. Canadian pianist Janina Fialkowska performs the music she’s best known for, Chopin’s Piano Concerto No. 1.
*A Life in Song: Ian Thomas and the HPO, October 17, 2015: Ian Thomas started his career as a member of Tranquility Base, a group-in-residence with the Hamilton Philharmonic Orchestra in the 70s. We’re thrilled to have the Hamilton native return to his hometown in this world premiere of his work with live orchestra.
*In Remembrance: Songs of Courage and Honour, November 7, 2015: This year marks 70 years since the end of the Second World War in Europe. An annual tradition at the HPO, this evening of music honours our community’s military personnel and families.
*Totally Mozart, November 28, 2015: This all-Mozart program explores three distinct styles of this ubiquitous classical composer – an overture, a symphony and a concerto.
*Home for the Holidays with the Canadian Brass, December 19, 2015: The world-renowned Canadian Brass return to their hometown in this annual concert of popular holiday hits.

4.What’s the best way to get tickets? Do you have a discount policy of some kind?
Tickets are available online at hpo.org or through the HPO Box Office by calling 905-526-7756. The HPO offers single tickets starting at just $17 and concert packages from $64. Group rates are also available. Please contact the HPO Box Office for more information.

5. Please give me three words that best describe what your organization has to offer.
Classical. Masterful. Contemporary.

6.What are the age groups of people who buy your tickets and what do they say about your organization and its cultural offerings?
The HPO audience varies greatly in age and interest. At each performance you will find new concertgoers, subscribers who have attended for decades and everyone in between!
Through the Young Patrons Circle, the HPO provides opportunities for audience members under 35 years of age to get involved with their city’s professional symphony. Now in her second year, here’s what Olivia has to say about her experience with the HPO’s Young Patrons Circle. “I think it is a great program and I was very happy with my subscription last year! The seats were great and I liked as a young person being able to support a local arts organization. I also think that by making this affordable for young people it allows them to be able to renew each year and it starts a lifelong commitment to going to symphonies.”
The HPO is also very fortunate to have long-time subscribers like Betty, who have made the HPO an integral part of their lives. Betty shares, “I’ve been a happy subscriber for 69 years. Ever since I was able to pay for my own subscription. I was just a little girl then but I’ve always taken to classical music. Your concerts over the years have played a very important part of my life. I hope the Philharmonic will continue for many years so that others can enjoy it too.”

SINFONIA TORONTO

1.What is your name and connection to this organization?
Nurhan Arman, Music Director and Conductor

2. How is your organization important to Canadian culture and to culture in general?
Sinfonia Toronto contributes to Canadian culture and to the art-form immensely. It has commissioned, premiered and recorded many compositions by Canadian composers. It tours nationally and internationally promoting Canadian performers and Canadian music.

3. Please give me 3 to 5 highlights of this coming fall season and tell us why each one will be special.
As a chamber orchestra we are mobile and able to serve the GTA. This year we are presenting four Downtown Concerts at Glenn Gould Studio and three North York concerts at the Toronto Centre for the Arts. We look forward to many premiere performances by Canadian and international composers. We will be performing with several nationally and internationally acclaimed musicians. One of Poland’s finest violinists Marta Magdalena Lelek will make her Canadian debut with us on December 11. Also a winner at the Arturo Toscanini International Conducting Competition Jan Milosz Zarzycki will make his Canadian debut with Sinfonia Toronto guest conducting the November 12 concert. Our opening concert on October 24 will feature the amazing Canadian pianist Dmitri Levkovich who is enjoying a brilliant career in Europe as the recent winner of the German Piano Award. He’ll be playing Beethoven’s 1st Piano Concerto and we’ll be playing the North American premiere of Canadian-Russian composer Airat Ichmouratov’s Chamber Symphony No. 4. Our in-school educational programs ‘Concert Under Construction’ are one of my personal favourites.

4.What’s the best way to get tickets? Do you have a discount policy of some kind?
The best way is purchasing them online from http://sinfoniatoronto.com We have regular discounts for seniors and students. Our ‘First-time Subscriber’ offer is probably the best classical music value in Toronto. Occasionally we announce special single ticket sales on all our social media platforms.

5.Please give me three words that best describe what your organization has to offer.
Excitement, inspiration, creativity.

6.What are the age groups of people who buy your tickets and what do they say about your organization and its cultural offerings?
We are pleased that Sinfonia Toronto audiences come from a wide range of demographics. They are from every corner of GTA and some neighboring cities. Average age is probably about 40. Our active social media presence has clearly contributed to the audience’s wide mixture.

THE PLAYERS’ GUILD OF HAMILTON

1. What is your name and connection to this organization?
Dan Penrose, President of the Board of Directors

2. How is your organization important to Canadian culture and to culture in general?
We are the oldest continuing community theatre in North America, run entirely by dedicated volunteers. As such, we feel a desire and obligation to offer our experience and knowledge to the burgeoning Arts scene in Hamilton and area. We provide a high standard of theatre to the theatre-goers in the community and offer both mentoring and needed venue space to emerging artists of any media at a “no risk” cost to learn and practice their craft. We are a source of entertainment, a resource to other groups and recognized leaders in Hamilton’s Arts community.

3. Please give me 3 to 5 highlights of this coming fall season and tell us why each one will be special.
*Our annual Open House (unfortunately held on Sept 12th) celebrated our 140th season. We opened our doors to an interested public for guided tours of our 1878 building along with entertainment, costume and art displays, food and prizes and all at no cost.
*Sept 18th through Oct 3rd is our first production by Canadian playwright, Norm Foster. The play showcases some seasoned and some new talent to our audience and fulfills our desire to present Canadian content.
*Nov 27th through Dec 12th is play number two, a new Christmas themed comedy, murder mystery around the detective legend, Sherlock Holmes. The play brings together actors from Hamilton, Burlington, Brantford and Oakville in this delightful play.
*October 17th we will be hosting a legitimate and active ghost hunting group to investigate and verify the long-standing belief that our 137 year old building is home to a number of spirits.

4. What’s the best way to get tickets? Do you have a discount policy of some kind?
Best way is to reserve at 905 529 0284 or online and www.playersguild.org
We offer discounts to groups as well as discounts or complimentary tickets to students and young artists depending on perceived need.

5. Please give me three words that best describe what your organization has to offer.
Entertainment, resources and mentoring

6. What are the age groups of people who buy your tickets and what do they say about your organization and its cultural offerings?
Our main demographic is over 50 and most of those are repeat patrons. They love us and are very dedicated to our group. We are developing more younger patrons and see a growing number of 30 to 50’s coming to our shows.

TARRAGON THEATRE

1.What is your name and connection to this organization?
Richard Rose, Artistic Director of Tarragon Theatre since 2002.

2. How is your organization important to Canadian culture and to culture in general?
Tarragon Theatre is one of Canada’s most important arts institutions. For 45 years, Tarragon Theatre has created, developed and produced new plays by home-grown artists as well as significant works from the world stage, vitally contributing to the important legacy of a Canadian culture. Since its founding, over 190 works have premiered at Tarragon and over 500 scripts have been created and workshopped, receiving 34 nominations and 11 wins for the Governor General’s Literary Award. Tarragon received the 2012 Premier’s Award for Excellence in the Arts in recognition of producing and developing leading edge and thought-provoking Canadian Theatre, both nationally and on the world stage.

3. Please give me 3 to 5 highlights of this coming fall season and tell us why each one will be special.
Tarragon’s 2015/16 season features plays by 7 playwrights who are new to Tarragon audiences
*We are opening our season with international sensation Blind Date, a ‘spontaneous theatre’ event created by Rebecca Northan that sees a brave audience member act out a blind date live on stage with her each night.
*Hit-show An Enemy of the People is back by popular demand from the 2014/15 season, featuring an all new cast including Laura Condlln in the lead role of Dr. Stockmann (formerly played by Joe Cobden).

4. What’s the best way to get tickets? Do you have a discount policy of some kind?
Tickets are available at http://tickets.tarragontheatre.com or by calling 416-531-1827, with discounts for seniors, students, arts workers, and patrons under 35 years of age. If you fall into the latter two categories (under 35/arts workers), visit www.tarragontheatre.com/tarragon22. We also have $15 Rush Tickets on sale two hours prior to every performance, in person at the theatre, subject to availability.

5. Please give me three words that best describe what your organization has to offer.
New Canadian plays.

6. What are the age groups of people who buy your tickets and what do they say about your organization and its cultural offerings?
Tarragon’s season will appeal to people of all ages. At every production, we have subscribers who have been visiting our theatre for 45 years, and new audiences visiting us for the first time. In the words of a 15-year subscriber: “Tarragon continues to present creative, provocative theatre.”

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DICK GAUGHAN: AN INTERVIEW WITH THE RENOWNED SCOTTISH SINGER, GUITARIST AND SOCIAL ACTIVIST WHO APPEARS AT HUGH’S ROOM IN TORONTO WITH JASON WILSON ON SEPTEMBER 26

Jason Wilson & Dick Gaughan

James Strecker: I was astounded to read that, because of the political nature of
some of your material, folk festivals refuse to book a musician of your stature and quality. What brought this restrictive situation about?

Dick Gaughan: In order to be completely accurate, that should read “some” folk
festivals, usually the larger ones. There are still some festivals and venues which have remained closer to the founding principles of the folk song revival and which look for some depth of engagement beyond passive consumption.

JS: I’ve read how you advocate responsibility and active participation, not passivity, as the duty of citizens in a society. Well, you have Cameron in London and we have Harper in Ottawa, so what is our responsibility now as these Conservatives reshape our political systems in their retrograde image? What specifically can we do?

DG: Having spent much of my life refusing to do what anyone else wanted me to do, I don’t feel qualified to start lecturing anyone else on what they should or shouldn’t do. The only suggestion I can make is to develop a solid bullshit detector, particularly when considering the pronouncements of politicians.

JS: You’ve commented about “Now Westlin Winds,” words by Robbie Burns
and sung often by you, that “This is the perfect song. It says everything it is conceivably possible to say about anything.” On the internet, people call your take on the song “sublime,” “an unbelievably perfect performance,” and “food for the soul.” Are there any other songs that almost do it all for you?

DG: I’ve never been able to find one. Some come close, but none do for me what that one does.

JS: Several musicians have told me of their concerns about music nowadays, how it is musically simplistic, how it is clichéd in all ways, how its lyrics address nothing but oneself, and how its audience is so uncritical and accepting of it. What can we do about this musical dead end?

DG: In a world of meaningless music, the most constructive course is for musicians to write and play music which has some meaning.

JS: Once, at one of your gigs, I asked a musician known for his
expertise on several instruments, what he thought of your performance
and he said, with a hint of awe in his voice, “I don’t know how he gets
all those notes.” If you were another musician listening to Dick
Gaughan, what would you say about his playing of guitar?

DG: To me, technique or technical ability is simply a means to an end,
it is not an end in itself. It is certainly a part of the craft of being a musician to develop one’s skills to the best of one’s ability. However, without meaningful context it simply becomes an exercise in cleverness. Technique which has no purpose other than saying “Look at the clever things I’ve trained myself to do” is,
to me, a complete turn-off. As I get older, I get much more interested in what someone has to say and much less so in how cleverly they say it.

JS: Your recording of Dominic Behan’s “Crooked Jack” resonates deeply
with me, partly because working in a factory almost ruined my father’s
fingers for playing the button accordion. Could you name a few of the
working class songs that reached deep into you when you first heard them?

DG: Much of what I heard growing up could be called “working class songs” but no such distinction was made back then. They were simply “songs”.

JS: Several singers have told me how at some point they realized that they had become quite good at what they were doing and as a result felt an inner compulsion to move into a different form of creativity. Any comment?

DG: When I feel confident enough that I’ve “become quite good at what
I do” I’d be able to answer that properly.

JS: In writing a song, how does one achieve a balance between message
and artistry? How does one make points about a subject which perhaps
angers one or causes one to despair, without resorting to an angry rant,
say about suffering or social injustice or fascistic politicians?

DG: Back to Brecht again, who expressed the opinion that “good politics never excuse bad art”. I accept completely that there are places where a slogan or rant are entirely appropriate, such as rallies or marches, but I don’t think a concert stage is one of them.

JS: In terms of how you see yourself as a person, what does Scotland mean to you? What, for you, does the issue of “Scottish identity” mean?

DG: It simply means to me “Who I am”. It’s neither better nor worse than any other culture, simply the one I understand and grew up within and which is the foundation for everything I do.

JS: In one of the Brit papers a few years ago –I think it was The Observer- there was an article on the current trend to stigmatize the poor. What other groups are there these days who are stigmatized and unfairly stereotyped?

DG: Essentially, most vulnerable groups which do not have the power to fight back.

JS: I know that you have had your share of breakdowns and that you lost your voice once for a whole year, so what did you learn as a result?

DG: That there is more to my existence than simply a voice.

JS: What impact on your future life did your difficult childhood have and what did it teach you that was useful for you as an adult?

DG: It didn’t occur to me that it was any more difficult than any other working class kid where I grew up. It was only when I reached my teens that the wide gulf between haves and have-nots became clear to me, clear enough that I wanted to do what I can to challenge it.

JS: You have said: “We live in a time that the ruling class maintains its power by a complete stranglehold on all elements of culture. Music’s been diluted down, particularly popular music which is part of the fashion industry essentially. It all has to be about me me me and my broken heart …everything’s been narrowed down to a limited range of topics.” You have also said that in 1978 you “walked away from RCA records” after “I had one small taste of the music industry and got the fuck out as fast as I could.” How would you remedy this situation which limits and distorts culture?

DG: Provide musicians with a way of making a decent living which doesn’t involve hawking ourselves to record companies.

JS: I want you to know that your collection “A Handful of Earth” is very special in my life and an album I often recommend to others. So, for a final question, how does Dick Gaughan feel about having meaningful impact on the many who value him?

DG: I never pay a great deal of attention to whether or not what I do has any deep lasting effect upon others. It is gratifying when it seems to do so, but it is not the main purpose. Becoming too motivated by audience response tends to result in one taking oneself too seriously.

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THE DIVINE: A PLAY FOR SARAH BERNHARDT AT THE SHAW FESTIVAL: A PRODUCTION THAT IS CHALLENGING, REWARDING, AND MEMORABLE THROUGH AND THROUGH

Theatrical, of course. After all, this is a play titled The Divine: A Play for Sarah Bernhardt. But in Michel Marc Bouchard’s new work, we have, as well, theatrical in religion, in industry, in society, in intimate relations, in one’s very being. Moreover, under Jackie Maxwell’s inspired and centered direction, this production of Bouchard’s play confronts as it engages in each of these dimensions. At the same time, it resonates as a whole like a potent cleansing ritual that, as it ironically celebrates human potential, also hits home repeatedly that human essence is made of dirt. One is thus only hypocritically clean, never done with the past that cannot be undone, never free of one’s place in a social and economic world that darkens one’s spirit. Can there be light?

At the outset, with “lily-white beds” before us, we witness a young man climbing a ladder in a room that is both monumental and austere in atmosphere. He climbs upward slowly toward a window, toward the light. Symbolic, certainly, but he holds binoculars in his hand and the Divine he seeks here as we watch is not the God of his religion, but a divinity of the stage, the renowned actress Sarah Bernhardt. She has come to Quebec City in 1905 to do her art, an art that feeds him. The young man, Michaud, is both a budding priest and a budding playwright, and the ecstasies open to both these pursuits, we find, overlap. We will soon be asking what, if anything, is pure and holy in what people do and what is not.

Church attire is referred to as costume by Michaud, a self-indulgent lad with money and social status behind him, who can fantasize the world into drama. For Talbot, brought to the Seminary by his mom and brother, this “costume” means an escape from the poverty to which his family is brutally condemned, a poverty which gives their conversation a subdued and tentative feel. The brother, Leo, has a perpetual cough from working in a shoe factory, the same factory that has given his mother’s back a spinal bend. But Michaud, always making notes for his play, sees Talbot as an authentic character he can write about. While Talbot condemns the artificiality of theatre, Michaud says of Bernhardt that “when she speaks, words take wings.” Is Michaud being mocked, or is theatre itself?

The next scene “housed” in the dormitory takes place in the factory where “The Boss” can easily afford a new suit and he can just as easily step down hard with his heel on a female agitator’s fingers. He is casual and smug in his brutality. At the same time, we are left to wonder if we have here Bouchard’s play about a play written by one of his characters or Michaud’s unwritten play already before us. And how is the playwright Bouchard himself a character in a play and which play is it? The scene changes here are quick and efficient and, as we note already how words cannot embody poverty, we next meet Bernhardt who, when told “You are extraordinary” responds, as if stating a divinely determined fact, “I know.” She also mocks those who come to see social dramas, those who at interval drink champagne that the poor depicted in such plays will never be near able to afford. We sense that this woman is both a self-indulgent actress and also an inherently theatrical human being, an actor both with and without a mask. If so, why go on stage? But then, if already spiritual, why become a priest? Bouchard implies many questions and makes us ask many more.

Brother Casgrain, a man with the firm bearing of authority, represents a church that forbids “books that destroy the soul.” He bluntly enters the lives of others with intention to have them obey, and yet can declare to Michaud, with unexpected and vulnerable tenderness, “Your presence is the only joy in life.” However, Casgrain will have the church save face –save its mask and stay in character- and buy such stability at any price. He will conceal Talbot’s sexual abuse, buy his silence by saving the latter’s family from the dregs of poverty, conceal one reality by offering another that serves self-interest and not ideals. One can be hypocritical in doing good, we find. And still, others may benefit.

It is ironic, then, when Sarah accuses Michaud of avoiding “the wretched aspects of human existence” since she herself filters such knowledge through the medium of theatre. “Let anger be your guide,” she tells him. Does she know the inadequacy of theatre, one that playwright Bouchard hits home, or that such “outrage” can lead not to the theatrical stage but to social revolution? She condemns the “yoke of the clergy,” observes that Canada is a country with no real men,” but lest we, the self-satisfied audience nod our heads or even cheer her on, Bouchard has her also declare, “I have no idea what one wears to a factory.” If, as actress, she is theatre to the world, then in outrage she is, in part, theatre to herself. She will soon be dressed in magnified white while others, at the factory are not.

Meanwhile, The Boss rehearses his brutally oppressed workers into another brand of performance, one for the visitor Sarah Bernhardt come to their factory. Like a capitalist exploiter, like a priest, like a playwright –all omnipotent in their own way- he implies their lines when he asks if they are happy. Their affirmative is like a chant from a congregation –the uncritical audience in religion- and soon Bernhardt will note that they answer her question before she asks it of them. Later Casgrain will remark that “your theatre is as harmless as a sermon” and indeed, in this play, Bouchard addresses so many of the self-critical questions that a writer, while looking honestly and deep into a mirror, must ask.

The price for not doing so, we find in Casgrain, is to –irony again- lose one’s human spirit while submitting to whatever the church may actually be and giving one’s soul to God. Again, Bouchard implies an existential dimension to his characters who exist only if they lie and others lie to them and others lie for them. Bouchard’s characters wrestle with being and identity and as such we who observe must do likewise since, if we treat theatre as entertainment removed from ourselves and not as a deepening reflection of what we are, we do not exist and our identity is nothing. Bouchard provides us in fact with an “either-or” when at the end of the play we have actress Bernhardt in a melodramatic stage performance and the same lady, now idealistic, also explaining the human value of her art which has just been artificial.

Bouchard’s play is an unrelenting study of the double-entendre of one’s very being. We speak what we are and, it here turns out, there is ever-present ambiguity in what we say and what we do. Jackie Maxwell’s production is a gripping blend of theatre and ritual, constantly fluid in its change of sets and realities. Moreover, with design of Michael Gianfrancesco, lighting of Bonnie Beecher, and John Gzowski’s sound, we are presented with a world that is cool yet inviting, austere yet seductive, bare but richly resonant, stylized but humanly immediate. It’s a setting of shapes, lighting, and sound with immediacy in impact that one cannot escape. Plain and simple, this is the world and these are our lives.

The program makes this note: “A dormitory in the prestigious Grand Seminary of Quebec houses all the scenes of the play” and certainly all the world’s a stage and it is not location but our being as such, in each context, that defines and describes each role we play. In presenting this demanding fact of existence, we have an exceptional cast, with characters delivered in a manner that is measured yet potently rich with untold lives and meanings. The Bernhardt of Fiona Reid is a woman of casual egoism who combines passion, insight about her art, cluelessness about societal conditions, and remoteness within her air of accessibility. She is both divine in her art and, because it is privilege alone that can afford her art, incidental to most other people’s lives. Reid conveys dynamism and power through understatement and suggestive poses or gestures, all while remaining, intriguingly, just out of reach. As with Michaud, others, an audience included, come to her.

Wade Bogert-O’Brien’s Talbot is complex, ripe with inner tensions, inwardly wounded and genuinely capable of elation. His struggle is palpable for both himself and for us, as we feel that he must choose from a table of impossibilities. Bogert-O’Brien, in this penetrating performance, makes us feel both sad with hopelessness and real to the world. Equally brilliant in unflinching creation, Ben Sanders as Michaud comes on strong initially as a sheltered and unbendingly enthusiastic. But, with his honed speech and observant mind, he reveals an undercurrent of one who is unwaveringly present to what the world presents. It’s compelling on Sanders’ part that he doesn’t “change” as such but he “develops” profoundly and we are further curious about his unspoken depths.

These two performances by Bogert-O’Brien and by Sanders are gems. But there are outstanding others as well. Equally unlived and strongly present is Martin Happer’s Brother Casgrain whose personal tragedy seeps into our consciousness over the course of the play. Being a man of deliberate secrets, he implies a life unlived or a life lived with too hard an impact on him, and thus his painful irresolution becomes ours. He is determined, but we always sense there’s a devastating reason for his being so. Mary Haney’s Mrs. Talbot is equally touching, a woman worn down by life who plays the part she must act, must be, in order to continue and we sense survival, sometimes fragile, within her. As expected with Haney, her compelling presence is here anchored firm and deep within character.

Ric Reid as The Boss is disturbing in his ease and indifferent acceptance of cruelty, especially since we witness ruined, struggling lives about him in his factory. Kyle Orzech as younger brother Leo gives his blend of noble purpose and the discovery of life’s cruel truths a genuinely youthful feeling of pain. Once again, ideals do not come through without dents and bruises, if at all. But such, indeed, is one lesson of Bouchard’s remarkable play. We are entertained by this very theatrical creation, to be sure, but we are also then disturbed, as a result, when compelled to resolve somehow what we see and hear and then imagine in the theatre of our minds. It is here that anything goes and our roles are never resolved or defined. Thanks to top-notch directing and acting, we are certainly fueled with ideas and feelings which we cannot leave be. We may try to ignore such art, but we cannot escape its presence, its implied demands on us to be humanly better than we have been.

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THE INTELLIGENT HOMOSEXUAL’S GUIDE TO CAPITALISM AND SOCIALISM WITH A KEY TO THE SCRIPTURES AT THE SHAW FESTIVAL -PROFOUND, MOVING, POTENT AND UNCOMPROMISING- A PRODUCTION THAT ALL SHOULD SEE

The Shaw Festival’s production of Tony Kushner’s “The Intelligent Homosexual’s Guide to Capitalism and Socialism with a Key to the Scriptures” resonates with deep and elusive truth on a number of levels. We in the audience cannot avoid what we hear and see before us, often unrelenting and impossibly difficult to resolve as it is, but we can try to understand the complexities of each character and try, perhaps, to recognize what realities there are here about ourselves that we choose to avoid. There is human rawness before us, one which is certainly different from emotions played on television to tinkling pianos that telegraph them. Rather, the music here is in the writing, the acting, and the direction, and it sings in many shadings of the human heart. This production offers many truths and if we run from them we run from ourselves. Each character’s struggle is a mirror to part of our existence.

One strength of Eda Holmes’ take on Kushner is that, although we have only partial indication of who each character is, we do know, in the complexity of his or her life, how each feels intensely and how each fucks up. In every self- destructive relationship – like that of Steven Sutcliffe’s Phil and Ben Sanders’ hustler Eli, or Kelly Fox’s Empty and her ex, Adam, played by Thom Marriott – we cannot feel any certainty about whom to believe or which side to take. We watch people like ourselves in some way falling apart, turning bitter, becoming withdrawn, or escaping into an inner distance of some kind. We are taken into a family and its extensions, with all the yelling and pushing and all the shouting others down, even as each draws others closer to them. These people speak articulate and often intellectually literate words, even as they also speak truth-rooted, rip your guts out dialogue with its unending and unresolvable human issues. Each character seems the tip of a very deep psychological iceberg.

In this family centered play, the father Gus, his children, his sister Clio, Empty’s ex and some partners together display resentment in all directions and make admissions, like Gus to daughter Empty: “Maybe I kept too much of you to myself.” Their family gatherings are every one a family battleground in which one hurls a personal pain into the collective family pot and rarely gets heard in the many simultaneous conversations. These are worn down lives, each one bound to ties that destroy them, and it’s no wonder that Empty declares, “I just want to be anyplace else,” even as they protect the fuck ups of one another. Meanwhile, we have talk of the connection of Marxist theory and sex, the impact of one’s suicide on the others, organized labour in the Reagan era, gay children in gay relationships, impending economic collapse, parental damage to children, selling the family home, and whether one gives up on revolution and joins the status quo. In all of this, one never has a handle on life.

Eda Holmes directs this production with precise and subtle understanding of how people function together, how they handle inner and outer turmoil, and how they tentatively look inward. She also maintains emotional and intellectual momentum in a play that clocks in at almost four hours. In return, each in her cast responds with a performance of honesty, depth and emotional courage. For one, Jim Mezon’s Gus, who must face a painful truth for an activist that, “Nothing changes.” He must accept that there is no future and that he can do nothing about it in “this hollow world of shit.” He is a man who erupts and cracks open all at one time, a man of regret who declares, “I could have been a classics guy, I would have loved doing that.” He is a man who must deal with life’s paradox: “The best thing I ever did was the worst thing I ever did”. And a man who looks his existence in the eye: “You want to live and I don’t any more”. Mezon’s is a monumental and nuanced performance.

Gus’s daughter, Kelly Fox’s Empty, is worldly-wise and sensual, wired and worn, a woman of high powered rawness, a woman whose inner pain develops over slow seconds of time. She has to understand and accept the reasons of a man, her father, who finds no longer a reason to live, and the reasons he wants to die. This is the father who made her: “I didn’t have baby stories from you, you gave me domestic workers’ statistics.” In this complex and true to the gut performance, Fox is an actress who can make a whole room hold its breath. Fiona Reid’s Clio, Gus’s sister and a former nun and former Maoist, is a woman of life experience and intuitive understanding that help her with impossible decisions. In one moment, Clio seems as flat as an apple squashed on the sidewalk, and then she is a woman guilt free and of will and wise resolution. There is an undercurrent of unspoken character in Reid’s performance, one that is mastery itself in creating a lifetime implied.

As Gus’s older son Phil, Steven Sutcliffe is both introspective and an inwardly volatile man who signals and acts out inner turmoil. He is “afraid of being a fearing man” and is one who also declares, “I have never know how to live without breaking.” To his father, he says simply, “Please don’t die”. He is also a man who blows his sister’s substantial wad of money on “a guy I loved”, a deed which the others must inwardly resolve. The guy is Ben Sanders’ Eli, an intensely manipulative and vulnerable man of ambiguous intentions, seemingly overt with much yet unspoken. We look for his centre and it keeps shifting. Meanwhile, Gus’s son Vito, Gray Powell, is a no-nonsense, no complications working man who sees his father’s labour union as corrupt and sees himself as the only one who actually works. Ergo, he is always at it with his father, partly because, once deceived, he feels he will never believe his father again. Vito tries to avoid his family’s conflicts and declares to his father, a man who has already tried suicide, “I won’t sit and watch you die.”

As Adam, Empty’s ex-husband, Thom Marriott, with subtle and understated intensity, suggests the inner conflict and personal needs of a man whose wife is now having a child with another woman. He conveys feeling intense emotion and also that he refrains from doing so, all at one time, and gives the constant impression that something unplanned in him will soon burst. As Maeve, Empty’s partner, Diana Donnelly is wide-eyed, dynamic, edgy, and non-stop hyper. She is a woman who uses her feelings in battle with others, a woman who implies she has been wronged and makes those in her presence seem scattered. As Paul, Phil’s partner, Andre Sills presents a man of assertive articulation, even as he inhabits a triangle in which a man needs the others for his own reasons and, in such needs, emotional knives come out. He provides a contrast to Phil of waffling needs, who “abandons things.”

In a small but definitely present role of Vito’s wife Sooze, Jasmine Chen adds spice to the familial madness and with implied experience observes, “I don’t know her excuse but everybody has one.” Julie Martell’s Michelle is a sobering presence near the play’s end, with this remark, “Did I want him dead? I did sometimes.” And then, paradoxically, with warmth and yet distance, she explains “Here is how you kill yourself” and thus she provides the option to enduring life and impossible relationships with others and oneself. Fortunately, because this is a profound production, without a false note in it, we understand that choice as very real. What is a life worth? What’s the point of living, with all our pettiness and all our absurdities? One mark of this production is that, over and over, it asks these hard questions. In this case, art has more guts than everyday people often do. Our lies are found out. What is our truth?

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